Glosario- Microfonos
Este es el primero de varios articulos tecnicos que escribire para ayudar a despejar ciertas dudas en cuanto a Audio en general.
Empezare hablando de los microfonos,
porque?
Hace un tiempo fui a un “seminario” donde me encontre a un “productor” que trabajaba en un canal de TV y tocaba en una banda y no sabia cual era el microfono Sure SM58.
Lo Basico
Cuando vamos a escooger un microfono tenemos que considerar su patron polar (la forma en que recoge el sonido), respuesta de frecuencias,si tiene PAD o Rolloff, tipo de mic y si necesita Phantom power.Algunos mics son mejores para ciertas aplicaciones que otros.
Los patrones polares van desde
Omnidireccional hasta Supercardioide (muy unidireccional).
Los microfonos Omnidireccionales reciben el
sonido de todas las direcciones, mientras que los cardioides estan diseñados
para recibir solo de una direccion.
Los Microfonos Bidireccionales o de figura en 8, reciben sonido de atras y de adelante, rechazando el sonido proveniente de ambos lados.
La direccionalidad de un microfono puede ayudar a determinar su uso en una sesion de grabacion.Lo tipico es usar un microfono direccional para grabar una fuente de sonido y los omnidireccionales son usados como microfonos de cuarto para grabar “ambiente” . Hay algunos microfonos que tienen un switch para cambiar de polaridad.
Los tipos de microfonos mas communes son de Condensador, Dinamico y de chongo (
ribbon).
Los mas usados son los de condensador,
usado mayormente para voces, pianos y ambientes, estos tipos de microfonos
usan”phantom power” que es una corriente de 48 voltios necesaria para hacerlos funcionar.
Los
dinamicos, que son los microfonos mas comunes para grabar Fuentes de
audio
muy fuertes y para aplicaciones en vivo.
Los microfonos de “ribbon” son los mas
fragiles, y pueden ser dañados por los 48 voltios que usa en de condensador.
Sabiendo la respuesta de frecuencia de un
microfono podemos escoger el mejor para cada aplicacion.
Algunos ejemplos:
Beta 52 esta diseñado para capturar
frecencias bajas, pore so se usa para el bombo de la bateria, el SM 57 aumenta
el rango medio y es el mas usado para microfonear redoblantes y amplificadores
o cabinets de guitarras.
Dr. Calavera
The most used are the condenser, used mostly for voice, piano and environments, these types of microphones used "phantom power" which is a 48 volt power required to run.
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